Every painting tradition is a theory of what matters: what deserves to be made permanent, what relationship the made image has to the visible world, how much of the painter's interiority should be visible in the surface. The ink painter who leaves the mountain unfinished and the European master who fills every inch of canvas are not solving different technical problems — they are answering different questions about the nature of representation and the modesty owed to reality. To study painting across cultures is to study the variety of ways a human hand has tried to be truthful.
Each step builds on the last.