The understanding that one's identity—gender, culture, station—shapes what one can know and how one is permitted to know it, making identity a justice issue.
Sor Juana was a woman in a male-dominated intellectual world, a creole in a Spanish-dominated colonial hierarchy, and a nun in a church that distrusted female learning. Each aspect of her identity determined what subjects she could study, which authorities would listen to her, and how her ideas would be received. This concept—identity as epistemological position—recognizes that fairness is not merely about equal opportunity but about acknowledging how social location shapes access to knowledge and credibility. What you can know depends partly on who you are permitted to be. Sor Juana's work demonstrates that justice requires making this visible: ensuring that systems do not hide their bias, and actively working to expand the epistemic authority granted to those traditionally excluded. Fairness means creating conditions where identity does not automatically limit one's right to know or teach.
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