Kleshas: The Five Afflictions Underlying Anxiety

The Yoga Sutras identify five kleshas—fundamental afflictions or distortions—that underlie all psychological suffering, including anxiety. Avidya (ignorance) is the root: not understanding the true nature of reality and self leads to misperception of threat. Asmita (false identity) causes us to identify with the anxious ego. Raga (attachment) and dvesha (aversion) create craving for safety and fear of loss. Abhinivesha (fear of death) underlies existential anxiety. Anxiety, in this framework, is not a disease but a symptom of these deeper misconceptions. A person fearing social judgment is operating in avidya about their true worth and asmita, believing their identity depends on others' approval. Someone with health anxiety confuses thoughts about disease with actual threat. By working to dissolve the kleshas through the eight limbs of yoga—ethical conduct, postures, breathing, sense withdrawal, concentration, meditation, and samadhi—practitioners address anxiety's root causes rather than symptoms alone. This systematic approach offers a map for deep transformation beyond symptomatic relief.