Kleshas: The Five Psychological Afflictions in Politics

Patanjali identifies five kleshas—afflictions or obscurations—that generate suffering and dysfunction: avidya (ignorance), asmita (egoism), raga (attachment), dvesha (aversion), and abhinivesha (fear of annihilation). In political psychology, these five patterns explain much destructive behavior: leaders ignorant of complexity, egoistic defensiveness, attachment to power and ideology, aversion creating enemies, and existential fear driving authoritarianism or violence. Understanding the kleshas allows political actors to recognize these patterns in themselves and others without judgment. A politician driven by abhinivesha may support oppressive measures believing they ensure survival; recognizing this pattern enables compassion and redirection. Citizens understanding kleshas become less reactive to politicians' fear-mongering or tribal appeals. This framework transforms political conflict from moral warfare into psychological education. Gradually addressing root afflictions rather than surface behaviors creates more mature, compassionate political culture.