Kleshas as Political Impediments

Patanjali identifies five kleshas—afflictions or ignorances—that obstruct human freedom. Applied to political psychology, these map precisely onto why political actors behave destructively: avidya (fundamental misunderstanding of human nature), asmita (ego-identification with group identity), raga (desperate attachment to political victory), dvesha (intense aversion to opposing groups), and abhinivesha (fear of losing power or status). A political actor trapped in kleshas doesn't see opponents as humans with legitimate concerns—they see existential enemies. They cling to beliefs despite contradicting evidence because these beliefs sustain ego identity. They pursue power through deception because attachment to winning overrides ethical principle. Understanding kleshas transforms political psychology from moral judgment to compassionate diagnosis. A kleshic political actor isn't evil—they're suffering from systematic misperception and psychological entrapment. This framework suggests political transformation requires addressing root ignorances rather than merely changing policies or leadership. It opens space for genuine political education and psychological development as political solutions.