Evolution and creation across traditions

The conflict between evolution and creation is, in its popular form, a specifically American Protestant controversy — and one that most of the world's religious traditions do not share in the same way. Catholic theology, mainstream Judaism, Islam's kalam tradition, Hindu cosmology, and Buddhist philosophy have all found ways to engage with evolutionary biology that do not require treating any creation narrative as a scientific text. The deeper question — not whether evolution happened but what it means, what kind of universe could produce consciousness and love through such a process — is one that science alone cannot answer and that theology ignores at its own peril.